鉻青銅
1介紹
國產鉻(ge)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)牌號主要有(you)(you)QCr0.5、QCr0. 5-0. 2-0.1、QCr0. 6-0. 4-0. 05等(deng)(deng)，美國ASTM標準中(zhong)鉻(ge)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)牌號較多，有(you)(you)C18150、C18200、C18400、C18500等(deng)(deng)。鉻(ge)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是含0. 4%~1.1%Cr（質量分數，以下同(tong)）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)Cu-Cr二元(yuan)(yuan)相圖見圖1-12。在(zai)(zai)共晶溫度(du)(du)(du)1072℃下，鉻(ge)在(zai)(zai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最大溶(rong)解度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)0. 65%（有(you)(you)文獻認為(wei)0.68%）。隨溫度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)降低，固(gu)溶(rong)度(du)(du)(du)急(ji)劇(ju)下降，固(gu)溶(rong)后時(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)處(chu)理(li)(li)析出Cr粒子相。鉻(ge)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)可以通過(guo)淬火·時(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)或淬火一(yi)(yi)冷(leng)變形(xing)(xing)，時(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)處(chu)理(li)(li)獲得強化(hua)(hua)。鉻(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)入，一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面明顯提高(gao)(gao)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)再結晶溫度(du)(du)(du)和(he)熱強性(xing)；另(ling)一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面使銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導(dao)(dao)電(dian)性(xing)略有(you)(you)下降。固(gu)溶(rong)處(chu)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鉻(ge)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)棒導(dao)(dao)電(dian)率為(wei)450/0 IACS，時(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)處(chu)理(li)(li)后上升到80% IACS。時(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)態(tai)鉻(ge)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軟(ruan)化(hua)(hua)溫度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)400℃，是冷(leng)加(jia)(jia)工銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩倍(bei)。這種合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)可在(zai)(zai)鑄造狀(zhuang)態(tai)和(he)變形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)態(tai)下使用。Al及Mg作為(wei)鉻(ge)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)元(yuan)(yuan)素添加(jia)(jia)時(shi)，可在(zai)(zai)Cu-Cr合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)表面形(xing)(xing)成一(yi)(yi)層薄的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、致密的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)與基體(ti)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬結合(he)(he)牢(lao)靠(kao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)物(wu)膜，提高(gao)(gao)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)溫抗氧(yang)(yang)化(hua)(hua)性(xing)能與耐熱性(xing)，Al及Mg在(zai)(zai)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含量通常(chang)各(ge)不大于(yu)0. 3%。Zr在(zai)(zai)鉻(ge)青(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)可與Cr形(xing)(xing)成固(gu)溶(rong)于(yu)Cu的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)合(he)(he)物(wu)Cr2 Zr，其溶(rong)解度(du)(du)(du)隨溫度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)降低而明顯減少，使合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)強度(du)(du)(du)、硬度(du)(du)(du)、耐熱性(xing)有(you)(you)所提高(gao)(gao)，同(tong)時(shi)對合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)電(dian)導(dao)(dao)率的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)很小。因(yin)此銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)鉻(ge)一(yi)(yi)鋯合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)為(wei)典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)強高(gao)(gao)導(dao)(dao)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。
2鉻(ge)青銅
棒的性能
3主要特點和用途
成形性(xing)能(neng)：合(he)金(jin)冷(leng)、熱(re)(re)加工性(xing)能(neng)良(liang)好，可進行擠壓、熱(re)(re)軋、鍛造（要(yao)求鍛后(hou)進行固(gu)溶處理）等(deng)熱(re)(re)加工，熱(re)(re)加工溫度為820~930℃，熱(re)(re)鍛性(xing)為鍛造黃銅(tong)HPb60_2的80%。在固(gu)溶、退火(huo)或適當的拉拔狀態下，可進行拉拔、冷(leng)軋、鐓鍛、型鍛或彎曲等(deng)冷(leng)加工。
焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接性能：合金能錫焊(han)(han)(han)(han)、銀焊(han)(han)(han)(han)和釬(han)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，易于進行氣體保護(hu)電(dian)弧焊(han)(han)(han)(han)，對散熱(re)好(hao)的(de)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接部位采用(yong)電(dian)子．束焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接效果好(hao)。熔(rong)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)和硬釬(han)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)會降低熱(re)處(chu)理后材(cai)料(liao)獲得的(de)性能，這種焊(han)(han)(han)(han)接通常(chang)用(yong)于軟(ruan)狀態(tai)，并隨之(zhi)施以必(bi)要的(de)熱(re)處(chu)理。軟(ruan)釬(han)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)性能良好(hao)，不推薦氧乙(yi)炔焊(han)(han)(han)(han)、保護(hu)金屬弧焊(han)(han)(han)(han)、電(dian)阻點焊(han)(han)(han)(han)和電(dian)阻縫(feng)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)。
切(qie)(qie)(qie)削加工(gong)與磨削性能：合金的(de)切(qie)(qie)(qie)削加工(gong)性為易切(qie)(qie)(qie)削黃銅HPb63-3的(de)20%。切(qie)(qie)(qie)削時使(shi)用含20%鉛油的(de)礦物油作冷卻潤滑劑。
主要(yao)特點(dian)和(he)用(yong)(yong)(yong)途：鉻青銅在(zai)室溫及400℃以下具有(you)較高(gao)的強(qiang)(qiang)度和(he)硬度，導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)性和(he)導(dao)(dao)熱性好，加(jia)工成形性能良好。廣(guang)泛用(yong)(yong)(yong)于電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備(bei)的高(gao)溫導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)耐磨零(ling)件(jian)。主要(yao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)途有(you)：電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)整流子(zi)、集電(dian)(dian)環(huan)、高(gao)溫開關(guan)、電(dian)(dian)焊機(ji)的電(dian)(dian)極、滾輪、夾持器、以雙金(jin)屬形式使用(yong)(yong)(yong)的剎車(che)盤、圓(yuan)盤及其他要(yao)求高(gao)導(dao)(dao)熱、導(dao)(dao)電(dian)(dian)率、高(gao)熱強(qiang)(qiang)性的零(ling)部件(jian)