QCr0.6－0.4－0.05鉻青銅
1、介紹(shao)
國產(chan)鉻(ge)(ge)(ge)青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)牌(pai)號(hao)主要有QCr0.5、QCr0. 5-0. 2-0.1、QCr0. 6-0. 4-0. 05等，美國ASTM標(biao)準中(zhong)(zhong)鉻(ge)(ge)(ge)青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)牌(pai)號(hao)較多，有C18150、C18200、C18400、C18500等。鉻(ge)(ge)(ge)青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是含0. 4%~1.1%Cr（質量(liang)分數，以下(xia)同(tong)(tong)）的(de)(de)高銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)Cu-Cr二元(yuan)相圖(tu)(tu)見圖(tu)(tu)1-12。在(zai)(zai)共(gong)晶溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)1072℃下(xia)，鉻(ge)(ge)(ge)在(zai)(zai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)最(zui)大(da)(da)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)解度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)0. 65%（有文獻認(ren)為(wei)(wei)(wei)0.68%）。隨(sui)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)降(jiang)低，固溶(rong)(rong)(rong)度(du)(du)急劇下(xia)降(jiang)，固溶(rong)(rong)(rong)后時(shi)(shi)(shi)效處理析出Cr粒(li)子相。鉻(ge)(ge)(ge)青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)可以通過淬火(huo)·時(shi)(shi)(shi)效或淬火(huo)一冷變(bian)(bian)形，時(shi)(shi)(shi)效處理獲得強化(hua)(hua)。鉻(ge)(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)加(jia)入，一方面明顯提高合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)再結晶溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)和熱(re)強性(xing)；另一方面使銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)導(dao)電性(xing)略有下(xia)降(jiang)。固溶(rong)(rong)(rong)處理的(de)(de)鉻(ge)(ge)(ge)青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)棒導(dao)電率(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)450/0 IACS，時(shi)(shi)(shi)效處理后上升(sheng)到80% IACS。時(shi)(shi)(shi)效態鉻(ge)(ge)(ge)青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)軟化(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)400℃，是冷加(jia)工銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)兩倍(bei)。這種合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)可在(zai)(zai)鑄造狀(zhuang)態和變(bian)(bian)形狀(zhuang)態下(xia)使用。Al及Mg作為(wei)(wei)(wei)鉻(ge)(ge)(ge)青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)元(yuan)素(su)添加(jia)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，可在(zai)(zai)Cu-Cr合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)表面形成一層薄的(de)(de)、致密(mi)的(de)(de)與(yu)(yu)基體金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)屬結合(he)牢靠的(de)(de)氧化(hua)(hua)物(wu)膜(mo)，提高合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)高溫(wen)(wen)抗氧化(hua)(hua)性(xing)能與(yu)(yu)耐熱(re)性(xing)，Al及Mg在(zai)(zai)合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)含量(liang)通常各不大(da)(da)于(yu)0. 3%。Zr在(zai)(zai)鉻(ge)(ge)(ge)青(qing)(qing)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)可與(yu)(yu)Cr形成固溶(rong)(rong)(rong)于(yu)Cu的(de)(de)化(hua)(hua)合(he)物(wu)Cr2 Zr，其溶(rong)(rong)(rong)解度(du)(du)隨(sui)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)的(de)(de)降(jiang)低而(er)明顯減少，使合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)強度(du)(du)、硬度(du)(du)、耐熱(re)性(xing)有所提高，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)對(dui)合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)電導(dao)率(lv)的(de)(de)影(ying)響很小。因此(ci)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)一鉻(ge)(ge)(ge)一鋯合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)典型的(de)(de)高強高導(dao)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)金(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。
2、鉻青銅
棒(bang)的性能
3、主要(yao)特點和用途
成形性能：合金冷、熱(re)加工(gong)性能良好，可進行擠壓、熱(re)軋、鍛造（要求鍛后進行固(gu)溶處(chu)理）等熱(re)加工(gong)，熱(re)加工(gong)溫(wen)度(du)為820~930℃，熱(re)鍛性為鍛造黃銅HPb60_2的80%。在固(gu)溶、退火或(huo)適當的拉(la)拔狀(zhuang)態(tai)下(xia)，可進行拉(la)拔、冷軋、鐓(dui)鍛、型鍛或(huo)彎曲(qu)等冷加工(gong)。
焊(han)(han)(han)接性(xing)能(neng)：合金(jin)能(neng)錫焊(han)(han)(han)、銀(yin)焊(han)(han)(han)和釬焊(han)(han)(han)，易于進行氣體(ti)保護電(dian)(dian)弧焊(han)(han)(han)，對散熱好的焊(han)(han)(han)接部位(wei)采用(yong)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)．束焊(han)(han)(han)接效果好。熔(rong)焊(han)(han)(han)和硬釬焊(han)(han)(han)會降(jiang)低熱處理后材(cai)料(liao)獲得的性(xing)能(neng)，這種焊(han)(han)(han)接通常用(yong)于軟狀態(tai)，并隨之施(shi)以必要的熱處理。軟釬焊(han)(han)(han)性(xing)能(neng)良好，不(bu)推(tui)薦(jian)氧乙炔焊(han)(han)(han)、保護金(jin)屬(shu)弧焊(han)(han)(han)、電(dian)(dian)阻點焊(han)(han)(han)和電(dian)(dian)阻縫(feng)焊(han)(han)(han)。
切(qie)削加(jia)工(gong)與(yu)磨削性(xing)能：合金的切(qie)削加(jia)工(gong)性(xing)為易切(qie)削黃(huang)銅HPb63-3的20%。切(qie)削時使用含20%鉛油的礦(kuang)物油作(zuo)冷卻(que)潤(run)滑(hua)劑。
主要特點和(he)用(yong)途：鉻(ge)青銅(tong)在室溫(wen)(wen)及(ji)400℃以下具有較高的(de)強度和(he)硬度，導電(dian)(dian)(dian)性和(he)導熱(re)性好，加工(gong)成形性能良好。廣泛用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣設備的(de)高溫(wen)(wen)導電(dian)(dian)(dian)耐(nai)磨(mo)零件(jian)(jian)。主要用(yong)途有：電(dian)(dian)(dian)動機(ji)整流子(zi)、集電(dian)(dian)(dian)環(huan)、高溫(wen)(wen)開關(guan)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)焊機(ji)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)、滾輪、夾持(chi)器、以雙金屬形式(shi)使用(yong)的(de)剎車盤(pan)、圓盤(pan)及(ji)其他要求(qiu)高導熱(re)、導電(dian)(dian)(dian)率、高熱(re)強性的(de)零部(bu)件(jian)(jian)