1、簡介(jie)
鎢銅合金有較廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)途,主要是用(yong)(yong)來制(zhi)造抗電(dian)弧(hu)燒蝕的(de)(de)高(gao)壓(ya)電(dian)器開關的(de)(de)觸(chu)頭和火箭噴管(guan)喉襯(chen)、尾(wei)舵(duo)等高(gao)溫構件,也用(yong)(yong)作電(dian)加工的(de)(de)電(dian)極、高(gao)溫模具以及其他要求導電(dian)導熱性能和高(gao)溫使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)場(chang)合。
鎢銅(tong)選用精(jing)細鎢、銅(tong)粉末,經一流浸透燒(shao)結(jie)工藝精(jing)制而(er)成,可承受近2000度(du)高(gao)(gao)溫和(he)高(gao)(gao)應力,具有高(gao)(gao)熔點、高(gao)(gao)硬度(du)、抗燒(shao)損和(he)良好抗粘附性,電(dian)蝕產品表面光潔度(du)高(gao)(gao),精(jing)度(du)極高(gao)(gao),損耗(hao)低。
鎢銅廣泛用作高壓,超液(ye)壓開關和斷路(lu)器的觸頭(tou),保護(hu)環(huan),用于電(dian)熱墩(dun)粗砧塊(kuai)材(cai)料,自動埋(mai)弧(hu)焊(han)(han)導(dao)電(dian)咀,等離子切(qie)割機(ji)噴嘴,電(dian)焊(han)(han)機(ji),對焊(han)(han)機(ji)的焊(han)(han)頭(tou),滾焊(han)(han)輪(lun),封氣卯電(dian)極和點火花電(dian)極,點焊(han)(han),碰焊(han)(han)材(cai)料等。
2、物理性能
鎢(wu)(wu)銅(tong)合(he)金(jin)綜合(he)了金(jin)屬鎢(wu)(wu)和銅(tong)的(de)優點(dian),其(qi)中(zhong)鎢(wu)(wu)熔點(dian)高(gao)(鎢(wu)(wu)熔點(dian)為(wei)3410℃,銅(tong)的(de)熔點(dian)1080℃),密(mi)(mi)度(du)大(鎢(wu)(wu)密(mi)(mi)度(du)為(wei)19.25g/cm,銅(tong)的(de)密(mi)(mi)度(du)為(wei)8.92/cm3) ;銅(tong)導電(dian)導熱(re)性能優越,鎢(wu)(wu)銅(tong)合(he)金(jin)(成(cheng)分(fen)一(yi)般范圍為(wei)WCu7~WCu50)微觀組織均勻、耐高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)、強度(du)高(gao)、耐電(dian)弧燒蝕、密(mi)(mi)度(du)大;導電(dian)、導熱(re)性能適中(zhong),廣(guang)泛應用于(yu)軍用耐高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)材料、高(gao)壓開關用電(dian)工合(he)金(jin)、電(dian)加工電(dian)極、微電(dian)子(zi)材料,做為(wei)零部件和元器件廣(guang)泛應用于(yu)航(hang)(hang)天、航(hang)(hang)空(kong)、電(dian)子(zi)、電(dian)力、冶金(jin)、機械、體育器材等行業。
性能 | 密(mi)度g/cm | 熱膨(peng)脹系(xi)數(shu)10-6/℃ | 熱(re)導(dao)率w/(m·k) | 熱容(rong)J/(kg·℃) | 彈(dan)性模量GPa | 泊松密度 | 熔點℃ | 強度MPa |
鎢 | 19. 25 | 4. 5 | 174 | 136 | 411 | 0. 28 | 3410 | 550 |
銅 | 8. 92 | 16. 6 | 403 | 385 | 145 | 0. 34 | 1083 | 120 |
軍(jun)用耐高溫材料
鎢(wu)銅(tong)合金在(zai)(zai)航天航空中(zhong)用作(zuo)導(dao)彈、火箭(jian)發(fa)動機的噴管、燃氣舵(duo)、空氣舵(duo)、鼻錐,主要要求(qiu)(qiu)是要求(qiu)(qiu)耐高(gao)溫(wen)(3000K~5000K)、耐高(gao)溫(wen)氣流沖刷能力,主要利用銅(tong)在(zai)(zai)高(gao)溫(wen)下(xia)揮發(fa)形成的發(fa)汗制冷作(zuo)用(銅(tong)熔點1083℃),降低鎢(wu)銅(tong)表面溫(wen)度,保(bao)證在(zai)(zai)高(gao)溫(wen)極端(duan)條(tiao)件下(xia)使用。
牌 號 | 銅 Cu | 鎢 W | 雜質總和 | 密度 g/cm3(20 ℃) | 電(dian)導率 %IACS | 溶化(hua)溫度 (℃) | 抗彎強度Mpa | 硬(ying) 度 |
CuW70 | 28-32 | 余量 | < 0.5 | 13.8-14 | ≥ 42 | ≥ 700 | ≥ 667 | ≥ 184 |
高(gao)溫鎢銅性(xing)能(neng)
牌號(hao) | 銅含量 | 鎢骨架 相對密度 | 材料密度 g/cm | 相對 密(mi)度 | 抗(kang)拉強度MPa | 斷裂韌性 MPa m | |
室溫 | 800℃ | ||||||
WCu10 | 8~12% | 77~82% | 16.5~17.5 | ≥97 | ≥300 | ≥150 | 15~18 |
WCu7 | 6~9% | 82~86% | 17~18 | ≥97 | ≥300 | ≥150 | 13~15 |
3、特點(dian)
1.電阻焊電極:綜合了鎢和銅的優點,耐高溫、耐電弧燒蝕、強度高、比重大、導電、導熱性好,易于切削加工,并具有發汗冷卻等特性,由于具有鎢的高硬度、高熔點、抗粘附的特點,經常用來做有一定耐磨性、抗高溫的凸焊、對焊電極。
2.電火花電極:針對鎢鋼、耐高溫超硬合金制作的模具需電蝕時,普通電極損耗大,速度慢。而鎢銅高的電腐蝕速度,低的損耗率,精確的電極形狀,優良的加工性能,能保證被加工件的精確度大大提高。
3.高壓放電管電極:高壓真空放電管在工作時,觸頭材料會在零點幾秒的的時間內溫度升高幾千攝氏度。而鎢銅高的抗燒蝕性能、高 韌性,良好的導電、導熱性能給放電管穩定的工作提供必要的條件。
4.電子封裝材料:既有鎢的低膨脹特性,又具有銅的高導熱特性,其熱膨脹系數和導電導熱性可以通過調整材料的成分而加以改變。
4、分類(lei)
電工材料
鎢銅(tong)合金電工材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao):主(zhu)要分為電接觸材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)和電加工材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)。
(1)電(dian)(dian)(dian)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)材料(liao)。這是最(zui)重要的(de)(de)(de)一類(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)工材料(liao),它們具有(you)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)抗電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧(hu)燒蝕性能和抗熔焊性能,用(yong)于(yu)各種(zhong)高(gao)、低壓開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)器和某些儀表中(zhong)作為電(dian)(dian)(dian)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)頭(tou)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點和電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)頭(tou)是鎢銅(tong)材料(liao)應用(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)最(zui)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)一類(lei),特別是含銅(tong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)在20%~40%的(de)(de)(de)鎢銅(tong)材料(liao)應用(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)最(zui)大(da),主要用(yong)作中(zhong)、高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和中(zhong)、大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)器中(zhong),如(ru)輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)(de)(de)保護斷(duan)路(lu)器觸(chu)(chu)(chu)頭(tou)和其他觸(chu)(chu)(chu)頭(tou)、觸(chu)(chu)(chu)點。含15%~20%Cu的(de)(de)(de)鎢銅(tong)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)頭(tou)可(ke)用(yong)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓高(gao)達50萬V或更高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)斷(duan)路(lu)器上。
(2)電(dian)(dian)(dian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)材(cai)(cai)料。指用(yong)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻焊(han)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)鉚接、電(dian)(dian)(dian)鐓(dui)鍛(duan)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)火花(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)技(ji)術中的電(dian)(dian)(dian)極和(he)(he)模具材(cai)(cai)料。電(dian)(dian)(dian)火花(hua)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)要求電(dian)(dian)(dian)極或模具材(cai)(cai)料具有較(jiao)好(hao)的導電(dian)(dian)(dian)性和(he)(he)抗電(dian)(dian)(dian)弧燒蝕(shi)性,以保證加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)精度,所以多采(cai)(cai)用(yong)鎢銅(tong)材(cai)(cai)料。電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻焊(han)也多采(cai)(cai)用(yong)鎢銅(tong)材(cai)(cai)料。電(dian)(dian)(dian)鉚接和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)鐓(dui)鍛(duan)在某些場合下也采(cai)(cai)用(yong)鎢銅(tong)材(cai)(cai)料。
瞬時高溫材料(liao)
瞬(shun)時(shi)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)是一(yi)(yi)種既重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)又特殊的(de)(de)鎢(wu)銅材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao),可在接近鎢(wu)熔(rong)點(dian)和稍超過鎢(wu)熔(rong)點(dian)的(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)下使(shi)用(yong),工作(zuo)時(shi)間(jian)很(hen)短,幾秒至(zhi)200秒便完(wan)成使(shi)命,所以叫瞬(shun)時(shi)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)。這(zhe)類材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)主要(yao)(yao)用(yong)來制(zhi)造航天器(qi)的(de)(de)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)部(bu)件,如火箭噴管(guan)、制(zhi)導導彈飛行(xing)方向的(de)(de)燃(ran)氣舵(duo)、導彈端頭(tou)(頭(tou)錐、鼻錐)和其他構(gou)件。抗燒蝕(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)和抗熱(re)震性(xing)(xing)是瞬(shun)時(shi)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)最主要(yao)(yao)使(shi)用(yong)性(xing)(xing)能,因(yin)為固(gu)體燃(ran)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)燃(ran)氣溫(wen)(wen)度(du)一(yi)(yi)般高(gao)達2700~3300℃,燃(ran)氣流中含有大量的(de)(de)固(gu)體粒子,對(dui)噴管(guan)、燃(ran)氣舵(duo)等部(bu)件有嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)沖刷和燒蝕(shi)(shi)作(zuo)用(yong);而(er)且這(zhe)些部(bu)件是在急劇(ju)溫(wen)(wen)升的(de)(de)條件下(幾秒鐘(zhong)升至(zhi)工作(zuo)溫(wen)(wen)度(du))工作(zuo)的(de)(de),因(yin)此對(dui)部(bu)件產(chan)生(sheng)激烈的(de)(de)熱(re)震破壞作(zuo)用(yong)。對(dui)端頭(tou)而(er)言,當飛行(xing)器(qi)飛入太(tai)空再進(jin)入大氣層時(shi),由(you)于速度(du)快而(er)受(shou)到粒子云的(de)(de)激烈摩擦產(chan)生(sheng)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)和侵蝕(shi)(shi)。鎢(wu)銅材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)是能夠(gou)滿足上(shang)述要(yao)(yao)求的(de)(de)較好材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)。
隨(sui)著(zhu)碳一碳(C—C)纖維復合材(cai)料的研制成(cheng)功和發展,因(yin)它(ta)具有質輕和抗熱震性(xing)(xing)好的優(you)點,火箭噴(pen)管(guan)喉襯(chen)越(yue)來(lai)越(yue)多地用它(ta)來(lai)制造。但其抗燒蝕性(xing)(xing)遠不如鎢銅材(cai)料,對(dui)那些要求抗燒蝕性(xing)(xing)高的噴(pen)管(guan)喉襯(chen)、燃氣舵(duo)和其他部件仍需用鎢基材(cai)料制造。
破(po)甲材料(liao)
鎢銅(tong)材(cai)料(liao)可(ke)用作破甲材(cai)料(liao),即一種(zhong)所謂“藥(yao)型罩”材(cai)料(liao)。用鎢銅(tong)材(cai)料(liao)(常用W-30Cu材(cai)料(liao))制成(cheng)杯形或漏斗形的(de)罩,倒裝于(yu)彈(dan)藥(yao)簡的(de)前端,靠火藥(yao)的(de)溫度和壓力使(shi)罩變(bian)形成(cheng)射(she)流而穿甲。這種(zhong)藥(yao)型罩最早用紫銅(tong)制造(zao),并大(da)量(liang)應(ying)用。為了增大(da)罩的(de)單(dan)位(wei)質(zhi)量(liang)從而提高(gao)破甲能力,后來(lai)研制單(dan)位(wei)質(zhi)量(liang)比紫銅(tong)大(da)的(de)鎢鍘材(cai)料(liao)藥(yao)型罩,在理想的(de)情況下,它比紫銅(tong)罩的(de)破甲能力提高(gao)30%左右。[1]
5、用途
銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鎢(wu)(wu)(wu)合(he)(he)(he)金綜(zong)合(he)(he)(he)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)鎢(wu)(wu)(wu)的優點(dian),高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)強度(du)(du)/ 高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)比(bi)重 /耐高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)溫/ 耐電(dian)(dian)弧燒(shao)蝕 / 導電(dian)(dian)導熱性(xing)能好 / 加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)性(xing)能好,ANK 鎢(wu)(wu)(wu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)(he)(he)金采(cai)用(yong)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)品(pin)質鎢(wu)(wu)(wu)粉(fen)及(ji)無氧銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)粉(fen),應(ying)用(yong)等靜壓(ya)成型 - (高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)溫燒(shao)結(jie)) - 滲銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong),保證產品(pin)純(chun)度(du)(du)及(ji)準確配比(bi),組織細密,性(xing)能優異。本(ben)司銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)鎢(wu)(wu)(wu)系國內優質鎢(wu)(wu)(wu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)(he)(he)金材(cai)料(liao),極(ji)適(shi)合(he)(he)(he)應(ying)用(yong)于高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)硬(ying)度(du)(du)材(cai)料(liao)及(ji)薄片電(dian)(dian)極(ji)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong),電(dian)(dian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)產品(pin)表面(mian)光潔度(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao),精度(du)(du)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao),損耗低,有效節約電(dian)(dian)極(ji)材(cai)料(liao)提高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)放(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)速度(du)(du)并改善模(mo)(mo)具精度(du)(du)。另可用(yong)作點(dian)焊(han) /碰焊(han)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)。鎢(wu)(wu)(wu)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)與模(mo)(mo)具鋼焊(han)接成一(yi)體,在(zai)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)的使用(yong)上非(fei)常方便。
銅鎢合(he)金主要應(ying)用于(yu):
1.電(dian)(dian)極材料(liao):應用(yong)于高(gao)硬度(du)材料(liao)及溥片電(dian)(dian)極放電(dian)(dian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong),電(dian)(dian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)產品表面(mian)光潔(jie)度(du)高(gao),精度(du)高(gao),損耗低,有效節約。
2.觸(chu)點材料(liao): 高中(zhong)壓開關(guan)或斷(duan)路器的弧觸(chu)頭和真空觸(chu)頭,線路板焊(han)接和電器接觸(chu)點。
3.焊(han)接材料:埋弧焊(han)機,氣體(ti)保護焊(han)機焊(han)咀,無(wu)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)廠(生產炭(tan)膜電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu),金(jin)屬鍍膜電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu))電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)對焊(han)機碰焊(han)材料(銅鎢合金(jin)焊(han)接圓盤) 。
4.導衛材料:各種線材軋(ya)鋼,用于導向保護作用材料。